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It may sometimes be convenient to set the initial (default) directory to which PRIMER 7 opens every time it is run. Here this would use Tools>Options and supply (or browse for) the directory C:\Examples v7\Ekofisk macrofauna, see below. (Note that this run of ...

File>Open>(File name: Ekofisk macrofauna counts.pri)>Open will read in the existing Ekofisk species-by-samples array. The default file types are any of the PRIMER 7 formats, though earlier formats (Windows PRIMER v6 & v5, DOS v4), text and Excel files (commonl...

The abundance file Ekofisk macrofauna counts.pri is displayed within the PRIMER desktop. It shows the typical sparseness of species matrices, with many zeros and some large counts, each sample being the total of three Day grab samples at each site and the site...

Edit>Properties produces the Sample Data Properties dialog box, seen earlier, where information about the data can be checked and amended, e.g. Title, Data type, Description, numbers of rows and columns and that the Columns are the Samples in this case. The H...

Usually, rectangular data matrices of variables by samples, or samples by variables, will initially have been entered into Excel. For entry to PRIMER, these should have different data arrays (e.g. abundance, biomass, environmental variables etc) in different s...

For the 39 sites around the Ekofisk oil-field, environmental data is available on concentrations of total hydrocarbons and metals such as Barium, Strontium, Copper in the sediments, and measures of physical sediment properties, such as % mud; also the distance...

File>Open gives the same Open dialog box as previously but, importantly, the drop down menu on the bottom right of this dialog should now be used to select files of type: Excel Files (*.xls, *.xlsx, ..), otherwise the Excel file will not be visible in the file...

The final option is whether a blank cell in the Excel sheet should be interpreted as a Missing value or a Zero. Typically, it will be Zero for species variables and Missing for environmental or other data. The distinction is important for subsequent analysis: ...

This study concerns meiofaunal abundances from a two-way layout of samples on a sand-flat in Eaglehawk Bay, Tasmania, see Chapters 6, 7 and 12 of the CiMC manual. Separate data arrays are available of nematode and copepod communities associated with disturbed...

The directory C:\Examples v7\Tasmania meiofauna contains the PRIMER 7 files of separate nematode and copepod data, Tasmania nematodes.pri and Tasmania copepods.pri. Both can be opened in one step by taking File>Open and clicking on these file names, with the S...

PRIMER 7 will allow the same file to be opened into the workspace more than once, since the response to the Open menu item is to create a copy of the file for entry to PRIMER at that time, and there is no physical link maintained from the workspace to the orig...

The Tasmania meiofauna directory also contains three different text format versions of the copepod samples, Tasmania copepods tab-sep.txt, Tasmania copepods comma-sep.csv and Tasmania copepods 3-column.txt, in addition to a fourth text version of the same data...

Associated with each record are often one or more factors which define the conditions under which that sample was taken (sites, times etc). These could be copied and pasted from a sample table held in the relational database to a factors sheet set up for that ...

Read in the first of the above text files: File>Open>(Files of type: Text Files (*.txt, *.csv)) & (File name: Tasmania copepods tab-sep.txt), using the Text File Wizard dialogs shown below. Repeat for Tasmania copepods comma-sep.csv, the only difference being ...

There are no fixed size limits for arrays within PRIMER 7, simply an overall limit determined by the amount of available real memory on the computer. There will, of course, be significant time constraints for some of the more compute-intensive routines, and th...

For data collection reasons, it may still be the case that data from essentially the same array are sourced from several different file, e.g. abundance of comparable species lists over a set of sites but with data from different years held in different Excel s...

Output format options, with File>Save Data As, are generally the reverse of input choices. The default is a PRIMER 7 (binary) file but data sheets (or resemblance matrices) can also be saved in earlier PRIMER 5 and 6 binary formats, and to Excel in current *.x...

Take File>Open>(Filename: Tasmania copepods v4.pm1)>Type•Species-sample to input this (archival) v4 format file, and note that the missing species labels could be copied and pasted from elsewhere (if they were available in the same order) – perhaps an external...

If you have been carrying out the manipulations in Section 1, by now you will have several sheets open in the C:\Examples v7\Tasmania workspace, the worksheet Tasmania nematodes and several identical versions of the copepod assemblages. Unclutter your PRIMER d...

With Tasmania nematodes as the active window, select Edit>Factors from the main menu (or use the shortcut right click when the cursor is over the data matrix to bring up a combination mainly of the Edit and Select menus), and observe that there are already two...