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The Tasmania meiofauna directory also contains three different text format versions of the copepod samples, Tasmania copepods tab-sep.txt, Tasmania copepods comma-sep.csv and Tasmania copepods 3-column.txt, in addition to a fourth text version of the same data...

Associated with each record are often one or more factors which define the conditions under which that sample was taken (sites, times etc.). These could be copied and pasted from a sample table held in the relational database to a factors sheet set up for that...

Read in the first of the above text files: File>Open>(Files of type: Text Files (*.txt, *.csv)) & (File name: Tasmania copepods tab-sep.txt), using the Text File Wizard dialogs shown below. Repeat for Tasmania copepods comma-sep.csv, the only difference being ...

There are no fixed size limits for arrays within PRIMER 7, simply an overall limit determined by the amount of available real memory on the computer. There will, of course, be significant time constraints for some of the more compute-intensive routines, and th...

For data collection reasons, it may still be the case that data from essentially the same array are sourced from several different file, e.g. abundance of comparable species lists over a set of sites but with data from different years held in different Excel s...

Output format options, with File>Save Data As, are generally the reverse of input choices. The default is a PRIMER 7 (binary) file but data sheets (or resemblance matrices) can also be saved in earlier PRIMER 5 and 6 binary formats, and to Excel in current *.x...

Take File>Open>(Filename: Tasmania copepods v4.pm1)>Type•Species-sample to input this (archival) v4 format file, and note that the missing species labels could be copied and pasted from elsewhere (if they were available in the same order) – perhaps an external...

If you have been carrying out the manipulations in Section 1, by now you will have several sheets open in the C:\Examples v7\Tasmania workspace, the worksheet Tasmania nematodes and several identical versions of the copepod assemblages. Unclutter your PRIMER d...

With Tasmania nematodes as the active window, select Edit>Factors from the main menu (or use the shortcut right click when the cursor is over the data matrix to bring up a combination mainly of the Edit and Select menus), and observe that there are already two...

In the Factors dialog box (obtained from Edit>Factors on Tasmania nematodes) take Add>(Add factor named: Blk). The cursor is then at the top of the new (blank) label column, ready to start typing. You need only put in the first entry for each new level (B1, B2...

An alternative (and clumsier!) way of creating this factor would be type in the top half, then high¬light and Edit>Copy these 8 entries and Edit>Paste them when the cursor is at the start of the lower set. (Pasting does, of course, overwrite existing entries, ...

Finally, to make factors in the Tasmania nematodes sheet consistent with the text format copepod files of Section 1, rename the Treatment factor as Trt using Rename>(Rename factor Treatment to: Trt), and rearrange the order of factors to put Blk first, with Re...

As a further example of Fill>Value to quickly set up a factor of group levels you might like to re-open the saved workspace from the oil-field study of Section 1, Ekofisk ws.pwk. Taking File>Open and supplying the workspace name from the directory C:\Examples ...

With the Tasmania nematodes sheet active, open the Factors dialog with Edit>Factors. Combining factors (Combine) can be a quick and effective way of creating new factors or composite sample names in nested or crossed layouts. Firstly, though, it is usually use...

A further button on the Edit>Factors dialog box is Key, which you could examine with the factors for the Tasmania nematodes. With the cursor somewhere on the combined Blk-Trt factor, clicking Key gives a display of symbol type and colour for each of the 8 fact...

New factors can be created at several stages during an analysis, not just when the active window is a data sheet (e.g. from a resemblance matrix or even a plot) and the new information is propagated both forwards and backwards through the same branch on the Ex...

Alternatively, the same endpoint could have been achieved by Adding three new blank factors to the copepod sheet and copying and pasting the contents of the Blk, Trt and Blk-Trt columns from the nematode factor sheet. If importing entries from an external sour...

As noted in Section 1, factors can be created as part of the Excel or text files which are the usual means of inputting data to PRIMER 7. Similarly, data sheets that are saved from PRIMER to Excel (*.xls or *.xlsx) or text (*.txt) formats will automatically ex...

Indicator is the term PRIMER uses for a factor defined on the variables not on the samples. It is convenient to use a separate term because ‘factor’ has a well-established statistical meaning (e.g. in ANOVA-type layouts), and refers to structures defined on sa...

Selection by indicator levels is demonstrated by Select>Variables>(•Indicator levels)>(Indicator name: ID?)>Levels>(Include: 1) & (Available: 0), giving a subset of the Tasmania copepods data sheet which drops the undetermined species. Of course, for such a s...