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At this point only the default row (variables V1, V2, …) and column labels (samples S1, S2, …) have been defined, but a set of commonly used operations for worksheets can be found in the lower part of the Edit menu, including a Labels item. This menu can also ...

In addition to attaching labels, the Edit menu allows a range of other edit functions on the data entries. For example, to delete whole columns (or rows), highlight them by clicking on their labels and then take a menu sequence such as Edit>Delete>Columns. A p...

Occasionally, cell values are accidentally deleted or rows/columns added in unintended places but PRIMER 7 (unlike PRIMER 6) is able easily to back-track on such changes. There is a repeated Edit>Undo operation for all row and column manipulations on the Edit ...

Movement of rows or columns uses both highlighting and the cursor position. Rows (or columns) to be moved are highlighted, and the Edit>Move>Rows operation moves all highlighted rows to immediately above the current cursor position when moving up, and below th...

The Edit>Cut and Edit>Copy operations send part of a worksheet (or its factors/indicators) to the clipboard, where they are accessible by other Windows software or can be pasted back into another region of the active sheet (or factors). Cut and Copy operate mu...

The data sheet can now be saved (as can any item created in the workspace) from the File menu. File>Save Data As gives a standard type of Windows dialog box, shown below. This allows you to change to the desired directory, specify a meaningful name for the fi...

Another new feature to PRIMER 7 is the option Undo Workspace which back-tracks for the workspace operations of renaming or deleting any sheet (or other window), or renaming the workspace.

Typically, a single workspace would encompass one or more inter-connected data sets which are analysed at the conclusion of a specific phase of a study (unrelated data sets and analyses are best handled in separately created workspaces). Thus, rather than savi...

It may sometimes be convenient to set the initial (default) directory to which PRIMER 7 opens every time it is run. Here this would use Tools>Options and supply (or browse for) the directory C:\Examples v7\Ekofisk macrofauna, see below. (Note that this run of ...

File>Open>(File name: Ekofisk macrofauna counts.pri)>Open will read in the existing Ekofisk species-by-samples array. The default file types are any of the PRIMER 7 formats, though earlier formats (Windows PRIMER v6 & v5, DOS v4), text and Excel files (commonl...

The abundance file Ekofisk macrofauna counts.pri is displayed within the PRIMER desktop. It shows the typical sparseness of species matrices, with many zeros and some large counts, each sample being the total of three Day grab samples at each site and the site...

Edit>Properties produces the Sample Data Properties dialog box, seen earlier, where information about the data can be checked and amended, e.g. Title, Data type, Description, numbers of rows and columns and that the Columns are the Samples in this case. The H...

Usually, rectangular data matrices of variables by samples, or samples by variables, will initially have been entered into Excel. For entry to PRIMER, these should have different data arrays (e.g. abundance, biomass, environmental variables etc.) in different ...

For the 39 sites around the Ekofisk oil-field, environmental data is available on concentrations of total hydrocarbons and metals such as Barium, Strontium, Copper in the sediments, and measures of physical sediment properties, such as % mud; also the distance...

File>Open gives the same Open dialog box as previously but, importantly, the drop down menu on the bottom right of this dialog should now be used to select files of type: Excel Files (*.xls, *.xlsx, ..), otherwise the Excel file will not be visible in the file...

A summary of the essential commands associated with performing this PERMANOVA analysis of the holdfast data according to the 3-factor hierarchical experimental design is given in the table below: Step To implement in PRIMER: 1. Select variable subset Fr...

The final option is whether a blank cell in the Excel sheet should be interpreted as a Missing value or a Zero. Typically, it will be Zero for species variables and Missing for environmental or other data. The distinction is important for subsequent analysis: ...

This study concerns meiofaunal abundances from a two-way layout of samples on a sand-flat in Eaglehawk Bay, Tasmania, see Chapters 6, 7 and 12 of the CiMC manual. Separate data arrays are available of nematode and copepod communities associated with disturbed...

The directory C:\Examples v7\Tasmania meiofauna contains the PRIMER 7 files of separate nematode and copepod data, Tasmania nematodes.pri and Tasmania copepods.pri. Both can be opened in one step by taking File>Open and clicking on these file names, with the S...

PRIMER 7 will allow the same file to be opened into the workspace more than once, since the response to the Open menu item is to create a copy of the file for entry to PRIMER at that time, and there is no physical link maintained from the workspace to the orig...