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A trial version of PRIMER 7 is freely available, which is downloadable from the PRIMER-e web site (www.primer-e.com), and can be run without an installation key. Whilst it is a full working implementation of all analysis routines and graphics, and permits a us...

Sections in which the specified data sets are analysed; bold indicates location of an introduction to the dataset and a source reference. The list is ordered by first appearance and the heading gives the data directory. \Ekofisk macrofauna Ekofisk oilfield m...

We thank our many collaborators, correspondents and workshop participants from around the world, far too numerous to list, for their continued enthusiasm for the PRIMER software and suggestions for improvement, some of which we hope have been incorporated in t...

The Help main menu has the entries shown, starting with View Help, the HTML Help system: This lists and describes all menu items but in succinct fashion since (in addition to a brief Getting Started manual which comes with the trial version) there are two com...

The Help>About PRIMER menu item will tell you: which maintenance version number you are currently operating of PRIMER 7; the licence type, e.g. Trial/Full/Academic; and (if it is not a trial version) the unique serial number registered to you in the PRIMER-e d...

You will need to run Help>Install Licence at the point at which you have purchased an installation key (32 characters in blocks of 4), which is copied and pasted into the License Key box seen below. Once you have installed this key you do not need it again in...

Help>Get Examples V7 will take you to the data sets used throughout this manual [and Help>Get Examples Add-on will make available the data sets used in the PERMANOVA+ manual]. You are prompted for a directory in which to store the data files, i.e. a location i...

The installation and subsequent run of Help>Get Examples V7 will have placed a number of sub-directories (BC zooplankton, Bermuda benthos, …, Wrasse diets) into the \Examples v7 directory, placed in a location which you have chosen. Throughout this manual it i...

Whether the extensions *.pri, *.xls(x) etc display, or not, is a function of your Windows set-up; if you have suppressed them it is still easy to distinguish the different file types by their icon. There are PRIMER 7-specific icons and extensions for the fol...

PRIMER 7 is fully forward-compatible from v6, and can input PRIMER 6, 5 and 4 data (*.pri and *.pm1), similarity (*.sid and *.sim) and aggregation (*.agg and *.pm1) files, and PRIMER 6 plot (*.ppl) and workspace (*.pwk) files, directly. But it is not, in gener...

Start the program by (double)-clicking on the desktop or task bar PRIMER 7 icon , giving the window below. A second method is to double-click on a file with a recognised PRIMER extension, e.g. a worksheet file (.pri) or a workspace file (.pwk), and PRIMER 7 w...

Most users will already have their data stored in rectangular form in some other software, e.g. as an Excel spreadsheet, which can be opened directly and straightforwardly (see later). However, data arrays can be typed directly into PRIMER, if necessary. Selec...

At this point only the default row (variables V1, V2, …) and column labels (samples S1, S2, …) have been defined, but a set of commonly used operations for worksheets can be found in the lower part of the Edit menu, including a Labels item. This menu can also ...

addition to attaching labels, the Edit menu allows a range of other edit functions on the data entries. For example, to delete whole columns (or rows), highlight them by clicking on their labels and then take a menu sequence such as Edit>Delete>Columns. A prom...

Occasionally, cell values are accidentally deleted or rows/columns added in unintended places but PRIMER 7 (unlike PRIMER 6) is able easily to back-track on such changes. There is a repeated Edit>Undo operation for all row and column manipulations on the Edit ...

Movement of rows or columns uses both highlighting and the cursor position. Rows (or columns) to be moved are highlighted, and the Edit>Move>Rows operation moves all high-lighted rows to immediately above the current cursor position when moving up, and below t...

The Edit>Cut and Edit>Copy operations send part of a worksheet (or its factors/indicators) to the clipboard, where they are accessible by other Windows software or can be pasted back into another region of the active sheet (or factors). Cut and Copy operate mu...

The data sheet can now be saved (as can any item created in the workspace) from the File menu. File>Save Data As gives a standard type of Windows dialog box, shown below. This allows you to change to the desired directory, specify a meaningful name for the fi...

Another new feature to PRIMER 7 is the option Undo Workspace which back-tracks for the work¬space operations of renaming or deleting any sheet (or other window), or renaming the workspace.

Typically, a single workspace would encompass one or more inter-connected data sets which are analysed at the conclusion of a specific phase of a study (unrelated data sets and analyses are best handled in separately created workspaces). Thus, rather than savi...