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Overview
If you have purchased a subscription to PRIMER 8 with PERMANOVA+, then you will have access to th...
Matrix display
The Matrix display wizard produces a shade plot of a multivariate data matrix, with a useful orde...
Basic multivariate analysis
A useful analysis pathway (including the Example Analysis Pathway done above, with its five steps...
Summary of the pathway
A summary of the essential routines in PRIMER 8 that were used to produce the 5-step analysis pat...
Step 5: ANOSIM test
The ordination plot gives us a visualisation of the rank-order relationships among the samples, b...
Step 4: Ordination
The cluster analysis goes some way towards helping us to understand potential patterns of similar...
Step 3: Cluster
Now that we have a resemblance matrix, we can proceed with a cluster analysis of the data. The pu...
Step 2: Resemblance
For a description of the Bray-Curtis resemblance measure and the rationale for its use with bioti...
Step 1: Transformation
Perform the transformation There are a range of possible transformations one might use in a pre-t...
6.2 ANOSIM for the one-way layout
Fig.6.3 displays the MDS based only on the 12 samples (4 replicates per site) from the B, C and D...
System requirements
PC with modern Intel or AMD processor. Windows 10 (or later). 8GB RAM or more. More memory will ...
Introduction
PRIMER 8 with PERMANOVA+ is a substantial upgrade on its predecessor, offering a host of marvelou...
Citation
Anderson, M.J. (2026). "Get Started with PRIMER 8." PRIMER-e Learning Hub. PRIMER-e, Auckland, N...
15.2 New selection options
In PRIMER 8, the options available for selecting samples or selecting variables have been expande...
15.3 Re-name levels of a factor (or indicator)
There are many situations where it would be very handy to be able to change the names of levels o...
15.4 Add customised values/labels to graphical axes
In PRIMER 8, there is a new tool that allows us to add customised values and labels to coordinate...
15.5 Split data sheet by factor/indicator
In PRIMER 8 there is a new tool, accessed by clicking Tools > Split Data..., which allows you to ...
15.7 Output group-level stats from dispersion (or variability) weighting
In PRIMER 8, you can now output more detailed statistical information from either dispersion-weig...
15.8 Output diagnostic plots from CAP
In PRIMER 8, it is now possible to output diagnostic plots from the CAP routine (i.e., canonical ...
15.9 New diagnostics for PCA/PCO plots
Background Consider a cloud of $N$ points (sampling units) in a $p$-dimensional multivariate spac...