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Step 1: Transformation
Perform the transformation There are a range of possible transformations one might use in a pre-t...
6.2 ANOSIM for the one-way layout
Fig.6.3 displays the MDS based only on the 12 samples (4 replicates per site) from the B, C and D...
System requirements
PC with modern Intel or AMD processor. Windows 10 (or later). 8GB RAM or more. More memory will ...
Introduction
PRIMER 8 with PERMANOVA+ is a substantial upgrade on its predecessor, offering a host of marvelou...
Citation
Anderson, M.J. (2026). "Get Started with PRIMER 8." PRIMER-e Learning Hub. PRIMER-e, Auckland, N...
Citation
Anderson, M.J. (2026). "What's New in PRIMER 8." PRIMER-e Learning Hub. PRIMER-e, Auckland, New ...
Table of Contents
Citation Summary Introduction New Statistical Methods in P8 New Tools & Utilities in P8...
References
Adegoke (2019) Adegoke, N. (2019) Contributions to improve power, efficiency and s...
15.2 New selection options
In PRIMER 8, the options available for selecting samples or selecting variables have been expande...
15.3 Re-name levels of a factor (or indicator)
There are many situations where it would be very handy to be able to change the names of levels o...
15.4 Add customised values/labels to graphical axes
In PRIMER 8, there is a new tool that allows us to add customised values and labels to coordinate...
15.5 Split data sheet by factor/indicator
In PRIMER 8 there is a new tool, accessed by clicking Tools > Split Data..., which allows you to ...
15.7 Output group-level stats from dispersion (or variability) weighting
In PRIMER 8, you can now output more detailed statistical information from either dispersion-weig...
15.8 Output diagnostic plots from CAP
In PRIMER 8, it is now possible to output diagnostic plots from the CAP routine (i.e., canonical ...
15.9 New diagnostics for PCA/PCO plots
Background Consider a cloud of $N$ points (sampling units) in a $p$-dimensional multivariate spac...
15.1 New default colour palette
Accessibility It is important to make graphics accessible to those with color vision deficiencies...
15.6 Line plots for samples
There is a new facility in PRIMER 8 to create Line plots in two different ways: with one line fo...
14.2 Example: NE Pacific groundfish vs depth
To demonstrate the creation and use of ordered groups from a continuous variable, we will look at...
13.4 Example: Gulf of Maine invertebrates - functional resemblance
There are many situations where the standardisation of samples is required as a pre-treatment pri...
13.3 Example: Mussel sizes in the Gulf of Alaska
To implement the new standardisation routine in PRIMER 8 and (simultaneously) demonstrate the uti...