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13.5 Attributes and recommendations
Attributes Species abundance data are by far the most commonly used in environmental impact studi...
13.4 Hard-bottom epifauna and hard-bottom motile fauna
Hard-bottom epifauna The advantages of using hard-bottom encrusting faunas, reef-corals etc. are:...
13.3 Macrobenthos and meiobenthos
Macrobenthos The advantages of soft-bottom macrobenthos are that: a) They are relatively non-mobi...
13.2 Plankton and fish
Plankton The advantages of plankton are that: a) Long tows over relatively large distances result...
13.1 Components
The biological effects of pollutants can be studied on assemblages of a wide variety of marine or...
12.4 Laboratory experiments
More or less natural communities of some components of the biota can be maintained in laboratory ...
12.3 Field experiments
Field manipulative experiments include, for example, caging experiments to exclude or include pre...
12.2 `Natural experiments’
It is doubtful whether so called natural experiments deserve to be called ‘experiments’ at all, a...
12.1 Introduction
In Chapter 11 we have seen how both the univariate and multivariate community attributes can be c...
11.7 Concluding remarks
For this chapter as a whole, two final points need to be made. The topic of experimental and fiel...
11.6 Linkage trees (and example)
The idea of linkage trees¶ is most easily understood in the context of a particular example, so F...
11.5 Further ‘BEST’ variations
Entering variables in groups In some contexts, it makes good sense to utilise an a priori group s...
11.4 Linking biota to multivariate environmental patterns
The intuitive premise adopted here is that if the suite of environmental variables responsible fo...
11.3 Linking biota to univariate environmental measures (and examples)
Univariate community measures If the biotic data are best summarised by one, or a few, simple uni...
11.2 Example: Garroch Head macrofauna
For the 12 sampling stations (Fig. 8.3) across the sewage-sludge dump ground at Garroch Head {G},...
11.1 Introduction
Approach In many studies, the biotic data is matched by a suite of environmental variables measur...
10.2 Examples
Multivariate examples Nutrient-enrichment experiment In the soft-bottom mesocosms at Solbergstr...
10.1 Species aggregation
Fig. 10.1a repeats the multivariate ordination (nMDS) seen in Fig. 1.7 for the macrofaunal data f...
9.6 Example: Fal estuary copepods
and present biotic and environmental data from five creeks of the Fal estuary, SW England, whos...
9.5 Dispersion weighting
There is a clear dichotomy, in defining sample similarities, between methods which give each vari...