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Bootstrap definition
The construction of approximate regions is approached through bootstrap averages. We only have on...
Status of region estimates
Ordination means plots are therefore a vital tool for interpretation but, in relation to their un...
‘Ellipses’ for joint values of ($\Delta^{\scriptscriptstyle +}$, $\Lambda^{\scriptscriptstyle +}$))
The final option is to consider $\Delta^{\scriptscriptstyle +}$ and $\Lambda^{\scriptscriptstyle ...
12.1 Introduction
In Chapter 11 we have seen how both the univariate and multivariate community attributes can be c...
12.2 `Natural experiments’
It is doubtful whether so called natural experiments deserve to be called ‘experiments’ at all, a...
11.7 Concluding remarks
For this chapter as a whole, two final points need to be made. The topic of experimental and fiel...
12.3 Field experiments
Field manipulative experiments include, for example, caging experiments to exclude or include pre...
11.6 Linkage trees (and example)
The idea of linkage trees¶ is most easily understood in the context of a particular example, so F...
9.5 Dispersion weighting
There is a clear dichotomy, in defining sample similarities, between methods which give each vari...
11.5 Further ‘BEST’ variations
Entering variables in groups In some contexts, it makes good sense to utilise an a priori group s...
11.3 Linking biota to univariate environmental measures (and examples)
Univariate community measures If the biotic data are best summarised by one, or a few, simple uni...
11.2 Example: Garroch Head macrofauna
For the 12 sampling stations (Fig. 8.3) across the sewage-sludge dump ground at Garroch Head {G},...
11.1 Introduction
Approach In many studies, the biotic data is matched by a suite of environmental variables measur...
10.3 Recommendation
Clearly the operational taxonomic level for environmental impact studies is another factor to be ...
10.1 Species aggregation
Fig. 10.1a repeats the multivariate ordination (nMDS) seen in Fig. 1.7 for the macrofaunal data f...
9.6 Example: Fal estuary copepods
and present biotic and environmental data from five creeks of the Fal estuary, SW England, whos...
9.2 Univariate case
For purely illustrative purposes, Table 9.1 extracts the counts of a single Thyasira species from...
8.7 Multiple diversity indices
A large number of different diversity measures can be computed from a single data set and it is r...
8.6 Example: Plymouth particle-size data
Fig. 8.15 is from Coulter Counter data of particle-size distributions for estuarine water samples...
8.5 Multivariate tools used on univariate data
Ekofisk macrofauna: testing dominance curves Fig. 8.5b compares the averaged community samples fo...